Franklin Electronic Publishing KZ Index

About KZ Index

The KZ-Index is a relative measurement of reliance on external financing. Companies with a higher KZ-Index scores are more likely to experience difficulties when financial conditions tighten since they may have difficulty financing their ongoing operations.

IMPORTANT NOTES:
1) The model is a probabilistic model, so it will not perfectly predict which companies are financially constrained and which are not, but it should help to raise warning flags.
2) The synthetic KZ-Index that we use was developed only for non-financial firms, so it is safest to disregard financial firms' KZ-Index scores.

The score is relative, so knowledge of the overall universe of firms is helpful to gauge the standing of the firm. Here are percentiles of scores for all companies in our database as of September 2nd, 2011:

90th: 10.12 (10% of companies have higher - worse - scores than this)
75th: 3.57
50th: 1.01
25th: -2.78
10th: -14.43 (10% of companies have lower - better - scores than this)

For interested users, our index is based on of the Synthetic KZ-Index presented in Lamont, Polk, and Saa-Requejo (2001), Financial Constraints and Stock Returns.
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